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MASTG-DEMO-0060: App Writing Sensitive Data to Sandbox using EncryptedSharedPreferences

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Sample

The code snippet below shows sample code which stores sensitive data using String and StringSet from EncryptedSharedPreferences.

Warning

The Jetpack security crypto library, including the EncryptedFile and EncryptedSharedPreferences classes, has been deprecated. However, since an official replacement has not yet been released, we recommend using these classes until one is available.

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package org.owasp.mastestapp

import android.content.Context
import androidx.core.content.edit
import androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences
import androidx.security.crypto.MasterKey

class MastgTest(private val context: Context) {
    // WARNING: In a real application, these keys should NOT be hardcoded. They should be stored securely, for instance, in the Android Keystore.
    private val awsKey = "AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP"
    private val githubToken = "ghp_1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvABCD"
    private val preSharedKeys = hashSetOf(
        "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmIwggJeAgEAAoGBALfX7kbfFv3pc3JjOHQ=\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----",
        "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\ngJXS9EwpuzK8U1TOgfplwfKEVngCE2D5FNBQWvNmuHHbigmTCabsA=\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
    )
    private val sharedPrefsName = "MasSharedPref_Sensitive_Data"

    fun mastgTest(): String {
        return try {
            val masterKey = MasterKey.Builder(context)
                .setKeyScheme(MasterKey.KeyScheme.AES256_GCM)
                .build()

            val encryptedPrefs = EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(
                context,
                sharedPrefsName,
                masterKey,
                EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefKeyEncryptionScheme.AES256_SIV,
                EncryptedSharedPreferences.PrefValueEncryptionScheme.AES256_GCM
            )

            encryptedPrefs.edit {
                putString("EncryptedAWSKey", awsKey)
                putString("GitHubToken", githubToken)
                putStringSet("preSharedKeys", preSharedKeys)
            }

            "Sensitive data has been written and deleted in the sandbox."
        } catch (e: Exception) {
            "Error during MastgTest: ${e.message ?: "Unknown error"}"
        }
    }
}

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implementation("androidx.security:security-crypto:1.1.0")

Steps

  1. Install the app on a device ( Installing Apps)
  2. Make sure you have Frida for Android installed on your machine and the frida-server running on the device
  3. Run run.sh to spawn the app with Frida
  4. Click the Start button
  5. Stop the script by pressing Ctrl+C and/or q to quit the Frida CLI
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var target = {
  category: "STORAGE",
  demo: "0060",
  hooks: [
    {
      class: "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor",
      methods: [
        "putString",
        "putStringSet"
      ]
    },
    {
      class: "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
      methods: [
        "putString",
        "putStringSet"
      ]
    }
  ]
}

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#!/bin/bash
../../../../utils/frida/android/run.sh ./hooks.js

Observation

The output shows all instances of strings written using EncryptedSharedPreferences via SharedPreferences that were found at runtime. A backtrace is also provided to help identify the location in the code.

output.json
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{
  "id": "219ea51c-506a-45f0-a295-34febdad2ca5",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.158Z",
  "class": "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl.putString(Native Method)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.SharedPrefKeysetWriter.write(SharedPrefKeysetWriter.java:70)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.KeysetHandle.write(KeysetHandle.java:158)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.AndroidKeysetManager$Builder.readOrGenerateNewKeyset(AndroidKeysetManager.java:299)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.AndroidKeysetManager$Builder.build(AndroidKeysetManager.java:238)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:155)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:120)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:23)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "__androidx_security_crypto_encrypted_prefs_key_keyset__"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "12a901f5a4c43d49ce7ca6c207fb4d3f7711aba5131cbbd7951bd838c6c154e3528704bf527d554ad3facc098ad4645b1d2ed0a707c1c28f12ebf24e5a9ea08c57088e7c1b43ee84272605fe1ecbf9426509054974640b23e273b73d21a1d48029e4ef3787b6b1fc9c31d590b7e37663ea81e3135b3f0d3eb067148fcbb0e37b7d5909ad7a2cfc55bc11b4f8c00e79cebbf5cbeee2aca68f7558a65b86e888aa343caeea9551d82895a0956c1a4408cdaecffd04123c0a30747970652e676f6f676c65617069732e636f6d2f676f6f676c652e63727970746f2e74696e6b2e4165735369764b6579100118cdaecffd042001"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "2726948e-87f4-4088-a4fd-b5a3facfe460",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.203Z",
  "class": "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl.putString(Native Method)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.SharedPrefKeysetWriter.write(SharedPrefKeysetWriter.java:70)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.KeysetHandle.write(KeysetHandle.java:158)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.AndroidKeysetManager$Builder.readOrGenerateNewKeyset(AndroidKeysetManager.java:299)",
    "com.google.crypto.tink.integration.android.AndroidKeysetManager$Builder.build(AndroidKeysetManager.java:238)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:160)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences.create(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:120)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:23)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "__androidx_security_crypto_encrypted_prefs_value_keyset__"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "1286013ebf2688905cdc7062581d934cf22d866c35f5b0c3a4617ef00a4b44c2a33bb9f8c49e2a82535763dadee05ed2587811270339d066bc335db019ab60a68108652cd14a90a77b324a90c5d9ce8fae1a2da0f317b10d71e92c49ae9c0a17ec321e6f3a0c4edcb41580f16e93adfea98518127706dfbee4bef3af57f7419fd7216e89efea8b3f3d1a4208fbc18150123b0a30747970652e676f6f676c65617069732e636f6d2f676f6f676c652e63727970746f2e74696e6b2e41657347636d4b6579100118fbc181502001"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "9c495048-f0db-405b-807b-01e0cfbab573",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.220Z",
  "class": "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl.putString(Native Method)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putEncryptedObject(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:378)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:244)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:32)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AU+z103BuqUQYnpJY8AyhGP4jbkz01jtCY5EQGG4pVwOPhVv"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AQoAYPs27SgygktthcLjII2K6yyUMBoY8F59mzWbE1ps2WT5P87ChxB0QF8R4UuBc6WRy+9R0qwpD3WOKw=="
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "60d32d3c-210a-4a44-926f-874e02ed02b0",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.214Z",
  "class": "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:32)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)",
    "java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "EncryptedAWSKey"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AKIAABCDEFGHIJKLMNOP"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "13976db9-4f60-4483-b2e3-46b0399f0222",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.228Z",
  "class": "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl.putString(Native Method)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putEncryptedObject(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:378)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:244)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:33)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AU+z101V35Id7aRshk1QOi8IHsdlvcPXjNA885hbFak="
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AQoAYPt6nO+4SoPqUjsZNEYzlPIZn7LtawLzrii1G0XDtQyVJOaSNNwo4OHjYx6CrYcOaSzjr8Fii72fhCSA2KTE5j0BphTnYoc0gz5j3CO/"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "29fc3b94-48ce-4d93-86ba-2a16d88ba1c5",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.222Z",
  "class": "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putString(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:33)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)",
    "java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "GitHubToken"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "ghp_1234567890abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvABCD"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "e5aa1f47-435e-458a-93ea-37b8c4d2ef1b",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.236Z",
  "class": "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl",
  "method": "putString",
  "stackTrace": [
    "android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl.putString(Native Method)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putEncryptedObject(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:378)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putStringSet(EncryptedSharedPreferences.java:270)",
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putStringSet(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:34)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AU+z101iVWAe4pyZC7djOC9ugpEv9bxXAahqi4DNvuxcyA=="
    },
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "AQoAYPv4h47i7VnSEOZH5BBhnMHHb7hX8wPucI9srOw3GkBZBATxlaE5DGWP+AFn6uITZMiHZdhGXPuX6YxRr4dipYLV3hD98AlV613qYAY+seweUVfeQ6VJpVeSYmqHMyeQQEDPwqT9QJ5vKE6tWbOW95wGmGgR4D7I+NCEnV9rHoJfO1vjYdJDHzBv2akR5nY/EAWI0yXDt1wdSr1p31t/myCi7UDoknmD5Iq7MSEdzCOzP+J7LGP9Hb4EW1sjgZs5yuY42hzdfZ0QgeK8afeEIu84omuzqn0+icWc6Gkx3/rtBRJbnAGL3rOoV6MISqE5PshiVWzBflt4qPmxcn9S64ru6R9mcixn1MiKG5anG/Q="
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: android.app.SharedPreferencesImpl$EditorImpl>"
    }
  ]
}
{
  "id": "53480382-6252-49e5-8b1a-bbe7cc0540f2",
  "category": "STORAGE",
  "time": "2025-09-22T20:53:10.230Z",
  "class": "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor",
  "method": "putStringSet",
  "stackTrace": [
    "androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor.putStringSet(Native Method)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MastgTest.mastgTest(MastgTest.kt:34)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.MainScreen$lambda$6$lambda$5(MainActivity.kt:55)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt.$r8$lambda$PtKdgqcXvbS9cMNZVWq3K3GGQKQ(Unknown Source:0)",
    "org.owasp.mastestapp.MainActivityKt$$ExternalSyntheticLambda3.run(D8$$SyntheticClass:0)",
    "java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:1012)"
  ],
  "inputParameters": [
    {
      "type": "java.lang.String",
      "value": "preSharedKeys"
    },
    {
      "type": "java.util.Set",
      "value": "-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\nMIIEvAIBADANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAASCAmIwggJeAgEAAoGBALfX7kbfFv3pc3JjOHQ=\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----,-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----\ngJXS9EwpuzK8U1TOgfplwfKEVngCE2D5FNBQWvNmuHHbigmTCabsA=\n-----END PRIVATE KEY-----"
    }
  ],
  "returnValue": [
    {
      "type": "android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor",
      "value": "<instance: android.content.SharedPreferences$Editor, $className: androidx.security.crypto.EncryptedSharedPreferences$Editor>"
    }
  ]
}

Evaluation

This test passes because sensitive data is stored using EncryptedSharedPreferences, which encrypts both keys and values at rest. Even if an attacker gains access to the app's sandbox, the data remains encrypted.

For example, to confirm this, run the following command:

adb shell cat /data/data/org.owasp.mastestapp/shared_prefs/MasSharedPref_Sensitive_Data.xml

Which returns:

MasSharedPref_Sensitive_Data.xml
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<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8' standalone='yes' ?>
<map>
    <string name="AU+z103BuqUQYnpJY8AyhGP4jbkz01jtCY5EQGG4pVwOPhVv">AQoAYPs27SgygktthcLjII2K6yyUMBoY8F59mzWbE1ps2WT5P87ChxB0QF8R4UuBc6WRy+9R0qwpD3WOKw==</string>
    <string name="__androidx_security_crypto_encrypted_prefs_key_keyset__">12a901f5a4c43d49ce7ca6c207fb4d3f7711aba5131cbbd7951bd838c6c154e3528704bf527d554ad3facc098ad4645b1d2ed0a707c1c28f12ebf24e5a9ea08c57088e7c1b43ee84272605fe1ecbf9426509054974640b23e273b73d21a1d48029e4ef3787b6b1fc9c31d590b7e37663ea81e3135b3f0d3eb067148fcbb0e37b7d5909ad7a2cfc55bc11b4f8c00e79cebbf5cbeee2aca68f7558a65b86e888aa343caeea9551d82895a0956c1a4408cdaecffd04123c0a30747970652e676f6f676c65617069732e636f6d2f676f6f676c652e63727970746f2e74696e6b2e4165735369764b6579100118cdaecffd042001</string>
    <string name="__androidx_security_crypto_encrypted_prefs_value_keyset__">1286013ebf2688905cdc7062581d934cf22d866c35f5b0c3a4617ef00a4b44c2a33bb9f8c49e2a82535763dadee05ed2587811270339d066bc335db019ab60a68108652cd14a90a77b324a90c5d9ce8fae1a2da0f317b10d71e92c49ae9c0a17ec321e6f3a0c4edcb41580f16e93adfea98518127706dfbee4bef3af57f7419fd7216e89efea8b3f3d1a4208fbc18150123b0a30747970652e676f6f676c65617069732e636f6d2f676f6f676c652e63727970746f2e74696e6b2e41657347636d4b6579100118fbc181502001</string>
    <string name="AU+z101V35Id7aRshk1QOi8IHsdlvcPXjNA885hbFak=">AQoAYPt6nO+4SoPqUjsZNEYzlPIZn7LtawLzrii1G0XDtQyVJOaSNNwo4OHjYx6CrYcOaSzjr8Fii72fhCSA2KTE5j0BphTnYoc0gz5j3CO/</string>
    <string name="AU+z101iVWAe4pyZC7djOC9ugpEv9bxXAahqi4DNvuxcyA==">AQoAYPv4h47i7VnSEOZH5BBhnMHHb7hX8wPucI9srOw3GkBZBATxlaE5DGWP+AFn6uITZMiHZdhGXPuX6YxRr4dipYLV3hD98AlV613qYAY+seweUVfeQ6VJpVeSYmqHMyeQQEDPwqT9QJ5vKE6tWbOW95wGmGgR4D7I+NCEnV9rHoJfO1vjYdJDHzBv2akR5nY/EAWI0yXDt1wdSr1p31t/myCi7UDoknmD5Iq7MSEdzCOzP+J7LGP9Hb4EW1sjgZs5yuY42hzdfZ0QgeK8afeEIu84omuzqn0+icWc6Gkx3/rtBRJbnAGL3rOoV6MISqE5PshiVWzBflt4qPmxcn9S64ru6R9mcixn1MiKG5anG/Q=</string>
</map>

The actual values are not visible in plain text, confirming that encryption is applied.